Making evolution relevant and exciting to biology students. Humphreys J. The laws of Lamarck. Lamarck and the general theory of evolution. Relationship between achievement and students' acceptance of evolution or creation in an upper-level evolution course. Jeffery WR. Adaptive evolution of eye degeneration in the Mexican blind cavefish. J Heredity. Teaching evolution using historical arguments in a conceptual change strategy. Changes in students' understanding of evolution resulting from different curricular and instructional strategies.
Thinking about theories or thinking with theories? Selection or adjustment? Explanations of university biology students for natural selection problems. In: Novak, JD. Ithaca: Department of Education, Cornell University; ;— Managing evolving fish stocks. Jungwirth E. The problem of teleology in biology as a problem of biology-teacher education. Preconceived adaptation and inverted evolution.
Aust Sci Teachers J. Should natural phenomena be described teleologically or anthropomorphically? Kampourakis K, Zogza V. Sci Edu ;— Preliminary evolutionary explanations: a basic framework for conceptual change and explanatory coherence in evolution. Kardong KV. An introduction to biological evolution. Boston: McGraw Hill; Children's beliefs about inherited characteristics. Kelemen D. Why are rocks pointy?
Children's preference for teleological explanations of the natural world. Dev Psychol. Function, goals and intention: children's teleological reasoning about objects. Kelemen D, Rosset E. The human function compunction: teleological explanation in adults. Keown D.
Teaching evolution: improved approaches for unprepared students. Formal reasoning ability and misconceptions concerning genetics and natural selection. Natural history museum visitors' understanding of evolution. Mayr E. The growth of biological thought. What evolution Is. New York: Basic Books; Undergraduates' understanding of evolution: ascriptions of agency as a problem for student learning. Nehm RH, Reilly L.
Biology majors' knowledge and misconceptions of natural selection. Does increasing biology teacher knowledge of evolution and the nature of science lead to greater preference for the teaching of evolution in schools?
J Sci Teach Educ. Does the segregation of evolution in biology textbooks and introductory courses reinforce students' faulty mental models of biology and evolution? Nelson CE. Teaching evolution effectively: a central dilemma and alternative strategies. Teaching evolution and all of biology more effectively: strategies for engagement, critical reasoning, and confronting misconceptions. Integr Comp Biol. Packard AS. Lamarck, the founder of evolution: his life and work with translations of his writings on organic evolution.
New York: Longmans, Green, and Co; Palumbi SR. Humans as the world's greatest evolutionary force. Passmore C, Stewart J. A modeling approach to teaching evolutionary biology in high schools. Intuitive ideas and scientific explanations as parts of students' developing understanding of biology: the case of evolution. Eur J Psychol Educ. Pennock RT. Learning evolution and the nature of science using evolutionary computing and artificial life. What conceptions do Greek school students form about biological evolution.
Ridley M. Malden: Blackwell; Robbins JR, Roy P. Evolution and ecology of the organism. Scharmann LC. Enhancing an understanding of the premises of evolutionary theory: the influence of a diversified instructional strategy. Sch Sci Math. Settlage J. Conceptions of natural selection: a snapshot of the sense-making process.
Shtulman A. Cognit Psychol. Intentions and beliefs in students' understanding and acceptance of biological evolution. Changing minds? Implications of conceptual change for teaching and learning about biological evolution. Understanding students' explanations of biological phenomena: conceptual frameworks or p-prims?
Museum visitors' understanding of evolution. Museums Soc Issues. Assessment of the teaching of evolution by natural selection through a hands-on simulation. Teach Issues Experiments Ecol. Stauffer RC editor. Charles Darwin's natural selection: being the second part of his big species book written from to Evolution: an introduction. Strevens M. The essentialist aspect of naive theories. Sundberg MD. Strategies to help students change naive alternative conceptions about evolution and natural selection.
Science majors vs nonmajors: is there a difference? J Coll Sci Teach. Tamir P, Zohar A. Anthropomorphism and teleology in reasoning about biological phenomena. Tidon R, Lewontin RC. Teaching evolutionary biology.
Genet Mol Biol. Vlaardingerbroek B, Roederer CJ. Evolution education in Papua New Guinea: trainee teachers' views. Educ Stud. Wilson DS. Evolution for everyone: how to increase acceptance of, interest in, and knowledge about evolution.
Wood-Robinson C. Young people's ideas about inheritance and evolution. Stud Sci Educ. Zirkle C. The early history of the idea of the inheritance of acquired characters and of pangenesis. Trans Am Philos Soc. Zohar A, Ginossar S. Lifting the taboo regarding teleology and anthropomorphism in biology education—heretical suggestions. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to T. Ryan Gregory. Reprints and Permissions. Gregory, T. Evo Edu Outreach 2, — Download citation.
Received : 14 March Accepted : 16 March Published : 09 April Issue Date : June Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.
Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Volume 2 Supplement 2. Abstract Natural selection is one of the central mechanisms of evolutionary change and is the process responsible for the evolution of adaptive features.
Introduction Natural selection is a non-random difference in reproductive output among replicating entities, often due indirectly to differences in survival in a particular environment, leading to an increase in the proportion of beneficial, heritable characteristics within a population from one generation to the next.
The Basis and Basics of Natural Selection Though rudimentary forms of the idea had been presented earlier e. Full size image. Darwinian Fitness The Meaning of Fitness in Evolutionary Biology In order to study the operation and effects of natural selection, it is important to have a means of describing and quantifying the relationships between genotype gene complement , phenotype physical and behavioral features , survival, and reproduction in particular environments.
Which Traits Are the Most Fit? Natural Selection and Adaptive Evolution Natural Selection and the Evolution of Populations Though each has been tested and shown to be accurate, none of the observations and inferences that underlies natural selection is sufficient individually to provide a mechanism for evolutionary change Footnote 6. Several important points can be drawn from even such an oversimplified rendition: 1. Natural Selection Is Elegant, Logical, and Notoriously Difficult to Grasp The Extent of the Problem In its most basic form, natural selection is an elegant theory that effectively explains the obviously good fit of living things to their environments.
A Catalog of Common Misconceptions Whereas the causes of cognitive barriers to understanding remain to be determined, their consequences are well documented. Table 3 Major concepts relating to adaptive evolution by natural selection, summarizing both correct and intuitive incorrect interpretations see also Fig.
Concluding Remarks Surveys of students at all levels paint a bleak picture regarding the level of understanding of natural selection. Notes 1. References Alters B. Google Scholar Attenborough D. Google Scholar Bardapurkar A. Google Scholar Bartov H.
Wilson, who is known for his studies of ants and bees that have yielded insights into human existence, has shown that our evolution from tribal into a global society increasingly favors compassionate and cooperative over callous and competitive approaches to human interaction.
David Sloan Wilson and Edward O. The Wilsons are not saying that selfishness, ruthlessness, and meanness play no part in evolution or reality; instead, they contend that compassion, altruism, generosity, and cooperation play greater roles. If you overlay their logic onto sports teams, local communities and nations, both Darwin and the Wilsons are arguing that groups made up self-interested people will fail more than they succeed.
Teetering on the boundary is Herbert Spencer, born years ago this week. Like his more famous contemporary, Spencer was enamored with the idea of evolution. But where Darwin focused on biology, Spencer imagined that evolutionary thinking could be applied much more broadly. In his mind, it governed entire societies.
Modern scholars, and the public at large, understandably view this idea with disdain. Born in Derby in central England, Spencer was largely self-taught. Eventually, he supported himself solely through writing.
Nine of these volumes appeared between and The genetic variation on which natural selection acts may occur randomly, but natural selection itself is not random at all. The survival and reproductive success of an individual is directly related to the ways its inherited traits function in the context of its local environment. Whether or not an individual survives and reproduces depends on whether it has genes that produce traits that are well adapted to its environment.
Learn More Life's Grand Design. Evolution and "survival of the fittest" are not the same thing. Evolution refers to the cumulative changes in a population or species through time.
Natural selection works by giving individuals who are better adapted to a given set of environmental conditions an advantage over those that are not as well adapted. Survival of the fittest usually makes one think of the biggest, strongest, or smartest individuals being the winners, but in a biological sense, evolutionary fitness refers to the ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
Popular interpretations of "survival of the fittest" typically ignore the importance of both reproduction and cooperation. To survive but not pass on one's genes to the next generation is to be biologically unfit. And many organisms are the "fittest" because they cooperate with other organisms, rather than competing with them. Learn More Adaptation and Natural Selection. In the process of natural selection, individuals in a population who are well-adapted to a particular set of environmental conditions have an advantage over those who are not so well adapted.
The advantage comes in the form of survival and reproductive success. For example, those individuals who are better able to find and use a food resource will, on average, live longer and produce more offspring than those who are less successful at finding food. Inherited traits that increase individuals' fitness are then passed to their offspring, thus giving the offspring the same advantages.
Individual organisms don't evolve.
0コメント