Last Updated: 5th May, Kavi Waizenegger Professional. What is the Naspe? The NASPE developed physical education standards that outline what children should be able to do as a result of a physical education program. Farnes Laynez Professional. What is the full form of Aahper? Ondrej Brekerbohm Professional. What is the physical education in America?
According to the official United States government website, Fitness. Falilou Moncusi Explainer. How do you cite a shape in America? Jamel Liazasoro Explainer. How many members does shape America have? Up to 4 individuals can be included on one institutional membership and the designated hard-copy publication will be sent to the main contact on the membership.
Jaro Bernshausen Explainer. What is the mission of shape America? J Aging Phys Activ ;9 1 Motriz ;17 1 Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum ;12 5 However, these studies did not investigate older adults living in nursing homes. Most of these studies involved women aged 60 years or older. Only the study of Mazo et al. Furthermore, all participants in those studies performed physical activity. Four of the studies reported reference values of the battery tests for older adults and two were descriptive studies.
Although involving different populations, these studies reported similar results. However, comparison with the findings of the present study analyzing older adults living in nursing homes revealed divergent results. Older adults living in nursing homes are more debilitated and do not achieve the same time, distance or repetitions in the tests. The present study therefore highlights the importance to develop normative values that classify older adults based on the reality of nursing homes.
This is the first step to establish reference values for nursing homes that would permit the comparison of different nursing homes in Brazil, even with limitations. We believe that it is better to compare the results between Brazilian nursing homes than to compare data of older adults from other countries.
There are no studies applying the original version of the AAHPERD test battery to institutionalized older adults or residents of nursing homes. The present study represents a progress in this respect by adapting and testing this battery in institutionalized older adults and defining normative or reference values of functional fitness for this population. Physical inactivity is an important factor in nursing homes and most older adults present low functional fitness due to diseases combined with their routine in the facility 20 Rev Bras Geriatr Gerontol ;14 1 With few exceptions, older adults do not perform occupational activities and prefer activities that require less effort, leading to rapid debilitation 20 The AAHPERD functional fitness test battery adapted for and tested in institutionalized older adults can be used to evaluate functional fitness in this population living in nursing homes since it is an easily applied, fast about 20 minutes and low-cost instrument.
This test battery was adapted in the present study because of the low physical and functional condition of the residents of nursing homes, testing a battery that can be used for this population. However, it is important to note that all variables analyzed are of the utmost importance for older people living in nursing homes since the evaluation of their physical condition permits to identify risks for the occurrence of dependency.
A study conducted in the United States on 64 institutionalized older adults 45 women and 19 men with a mean age of 84 years demonstrated the usefulness of the AHHPERD functional fitness test battery to evaluate a physical activity program strength training or walking twice a week for 4 months. Simons R. Saint Petersburg: Most of the physical abilities evaluated by the test battery adapted here are based on scientific evidence as reported in a review article by the American College of Sports Medicine which analyzed more than studies 19 Med Sci Sports Exerc ;47 7 An overview of this study is given below.
Coordination was not studied by the group and there seems to be no strong evidence of health benefits, although coordination is known to be affected by aging and reduces the occurrence of falls 19 In contrast, agility and dynamic balance are directly related to falls.
Despite the medium evidence reported in that study, these physical abilities should be developed mainly to prevent falls 19 Flexibility is a physical ability with low evidence of health benefits. Individuals who perform stretching exercises usually try to improve flexibility and report to feel better. Muscle strength was the most important physical ability during aging in the studies analyzed and there is strong evidence that improvement of muscle strength permits the maintenance of an independent life 19 It is therefore necessary to preserve this physical ability.
Aerobic endurance is another physical ability with strong evidence of preserving independence for a longer period of time 19 As reported in another study by our group, physical inactivity is a major factor in nursing homes whose residents show low functional fitness because of their routine in the facility 20 With few exceptions, older adults living in nursing homes do not perform occupational activities and prefer activities that require less effort, leading to rapid debilitation 20 The evaluation of functional fitness in older adults is an essential requisite for the implementation of physical activity intervention programs in nursing homes.
Therefore, the adoption of the adapted AAHPERD test battery by nursing homes will permit the regular evaluation of functional fitness in their residents and provide technical data to design and implement geriatric programs that promote an active life.
Equipment required: a chair with armrests, a measuring tape, two marker cones, and a stopwatch. Organization of the test: the chair is placed at a marked position, permitting the feet to touch the floor. Two cones positioned 1. Position of the subject: the subject sits on the chair with the feet heels touching the floor. Procedure: on the signal "Go", the subject rises from the chair, walks around the cone to the right, returns to the chair, and sits down, slightly lifting the feet.
The subject then immediately rises from the chair, walks around the cone to the left, returns to the chair, and sits down. This corresponds to one circuit.
The subject should complete a course of two complete circuits. Observation: demonstrating the test and the subject should repeat it without counting the time walking as fast as possible. Two attempts are made and the best lowest time is recorded in seconds as the final result.
During the test, the examiner verbally informs the steps of the test: walk around the cone, sit in the chair, and lift your feet.
Figure 2 Schematic drawing of the agility and dynamic balance test Zago and Gobbi, Organization of the test: a Six marks spaced Perpendicularly to the tape, another strip of adhesive tape 7. If the right hand is the dominant hand, the first soda can is placed at position 1, the second can at position 3, and the third can at position 5.
The right hand is then placed on can 1, thumb up, and the elbow is bent at an angle of to degrees. Position of the subject: the subject is seated at the table and uses the dominant hand for the test.
Position of the examiner: the examiner is standing close to the subject holding the stopwatch. Procedure: on the signal "Go", the stopwatch is started and the participant turns the can upside down, placing can 1 at position 2, can 2 at position 4, and can 3 at position 6. The participant, with thumb down, then returns immediately to the first can, turning it upside down and replacing it in the original position, and proceeds the same way placing can 2 at position 3 and can 3 at position 5, thus completing one circuit.
This procedure is repeated twice without interruptions, corresponding to one trial. If the participant is left-handed, the same procedure is adopted, except that the position of the soda cans is inverted, starting from the left side. Each participant performs two practice trials, followed by two valid trials for evaluation. The time of the last two trials is recorded to the nearest tenth of a second and the lowest time is used as the final result.
Figure 3 Schematic drawing of the coordination test Zago and Gobbi, Two equidistant points are marked AAHPERD holds an annual national convention, which includes workshops, conferences, sessions, and activities covering such topics as recreation, lifestyles and fitness, aging, physical education, and dance technology.
The convention includes a major exposition where fitness, sporting goods, and publishing companies can exhibit products and services related to the interests of the alliance and its members. The district associations are central, eastern, midwestern, northwestern, southern, and southwestern. Each district elects it own officers, including a representative to the national board of directors. There are fifty-three state associations, including those for Puerto Rico, Guam, and the District of Columbia.
The six national associations each represent a special interest area. The American Association for Leisure and Recreation AALR supports professional recreation practitioners, educators, and students who advance the profession through creative recreation experiences.
The National Association for Sports and Physical Education NASPE promotes professional practices in sports and physical activity through research and dissemination of information to the public. The National Association for Girls and Women in Sports NAGWS recommends guidelines and standards for women's athletic programs in colleges and schools and works for gender equity by fighting for equal funding, equal quality, and respect for girls' and women's sports programs.
Members of AAHPERD's six national associations who are interested in research can also join the Research Consortium, which provides services and publications in support of alliance research. A sixteen-member board of governors is the executive arm of the alliance, and as such it initiates and transacts alliance business.
Members of the board meet twice a year—in the fall and in the spring. The board is made up of a president, past president, president-elect, and one representative from each of the six associations and six districts. Committees carry on a large share of the alliance's work and serve as a means by which members throughout the nation assist in planning, recommending policy, and giving direction to alliance programs.
Each committee is charged with responsibility for some part of the alliance's work. In addition, some of the AAHPERD headquarters staff are specialists in various aspects of health education and recreation and offer consultation services to members and to national groups.
They serve as liaisons with divisions and committees and act as directors of special projects.
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