Key Related Ideas The Brown vs. Board of Education is considered one of the defining court cases in the history of the civil rights movement, laying the foundation for eventually ending legalized segregation in the South. Although the case did not result in an immediate and absolute victory at the time, it did eventually win the Supreme Court ruling, outlawing segregation and laying the groundwork for school desegregation in certain states throughout America.
Friedmann and McGarvie A series of Civil Rights Acts were passed by Congress in support of efforts to deal with discrimination. The Act dealt basically with forbidding discrimination due to race. The Act was enacted to protect blacks from terrorist groups like the Klu Klux Klan. The Act made it illegal to deny services to blacks or separate them from others in an establishment.
The , and Acts were put in place to protect the voting rights of blacks. Combating efforts to keep blacks away from the polls, the Act helped to eliminate the requirement of written and oral exams and the need for character references in the process of voting. Woolworth Company lunch counter in Greensboro, NC. With the blessing of the NAACP and other civil rights groups, the sit-in movement helped to mobilize the nonviolent demonstration efforts of tens of thousands of students, protesting segregation throughout America.
This paper was developed by a student taking a Philanthropic Studies course taught at the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University. Grade Level:. The Association has made an indelible mark on our history in the fight for civil rights. From its inception, the organization has advocated for the fair and equal treatment of African Americans. Etta Ward Definition The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP states its mission as: The NAACP insures the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority groups and citizens; achieves equality of rights and eliminates race prejudice among the citizens of the United States; removes all barriers of racial discrimination through the democratic processes; seeks to enact and enforce federal, state, and local laws securing civil rights; informs the public of the adverse effects of racial discrimination and seeks its elimination; educates persons as to their constitutional rights and to take all lawful action in furtherance of these principles.
Harris The initial membership of the NAACP was comprised of a social cross mix of powerful and determined individuals. Wells Barnett : Primarily known for her anti-lynching and suffrage crusading and advocacy work, Ida B. At the young age of fourteen, she began teaching and later taught at Fisk University in Memphis, Tennessee.
Wells was also a newspaper editor and journalist, and seized every opportunity to write about and expose the injustices of racism and sexism. Bennett, wrote for the Conservator in Chicago. She began her anti-lynching writings in , after three of her friends were lynched. In , she published Red Record, outlining the atrocities exacted against African Americans. DuBois, notable writer and political activist, was one of the founding members of the NAACP, where he also founded and served as the editor-in-chief for the Crisis magazine, a publication designed to address civil and human rights issues by educating and reflecting the views of its readers.
DuBois also used the magazine to reflect his own provocative ideas. Rudwick He was the first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard and he published many research articles on the plight of Blacks in America. After becoming disenchanted with the idea of equality for blacks in America and becoming increasingly supportive of the socialist movement, DuBois, along with his wife, moved to and took up citizenship in Accra, Ghana, where he joined the communist party and soon after died in August of James W.
Johnson : James W. Johnson, along with his brother, J. Leland Ware is a Louis L. His research and professional interests include civil rights law, employment law. Throughout its history, the NAACP has upheld civil rights for ethnic minorities, working for political, educational, social and economic advancement. Some of the issues have changed over time, yet many are still strikingly similar.
Where it once advanced school desegregation, it now fights school re-segregation without an individual or state actor to always blame. Voting rights have been won, yet we see retrenchment by the court. In this current landscape, the challenges are new but the mission is still the same.
Now, as always, the NAACP continues to lead the charge to uphold racial equity and like its founder, continues to raise understanding of the relationship between different domains such as economies, civil rights and global dynamics. John A. In many ways, the NAACP stands for the same thing it has always stood for—advocacy for the equality of rights of all persons.
For many years, those were primarily African Americans, and, of course, that challenge still remains. However, there are also other groups intersecting the traditional advocacy group on whose behalf the NAACP has long labored. Among those are members of the LGBT community, members of religious minority groups, and lower income persons of all ethnic backgrounds.
And the mission—equality of rights for all, wherein all means everybody—is what the NAACP stands for, both back then, today, and tomorrow. Ravi K. Perry is assistant professor of political science at Clark University. He is currently writing Black Mayors, White Cities , a book manuscript on the challenges Black mayors face in representing Black interests in majority white, medium-sized cities.
Wells-Barnett, and Mary Church Terrell , signed the call, which was released on the centennial of Lincoln's birth. On February 12, , the nation's largest and most widely recognized civil rights organization was born. Echoing the focus of Du Bois' Niagara Movement for civil rights, which began in , NAACP aimed to secure for all people the rights guaranteed in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the United States Constitution, which promised an end to slavery, provide equal protection of the law, and the right for all men to vote, respectively.
Accordingly, the NAACP's mission is to ensure the political, educational, equality of minority group citizens of States and eliminate race prejudice. The national office was established in New York City in as well as a board of directors and president, Moorfield Storey, a white constitutional lawyer and former president of the American Bar Association.
Despite a foundational commitment to multiracial membership, Du Bois was the only African American among the organization's original executives. Louis, MO, Washington, D. NAACP membership grew rapidly, from around 9, in to around 90, in , with more than local branches.
Joel Spingarn, a professor of literature and one of the NAACP founders formulated much of the strategy that fostered the organization's growth.
Writer and diplomat James Weldon Johnson became the Association's first black executive secretary in , and Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, was named A series of early court battles, including a victory against a discriminatory Oklahoma law that regulated voting by means of a grandfather clause Guinn v.
The fledgling organization also learned to harness the power of publicity through its battle against D. Griffith's inflammatory Birth of a Nation , a motion picture that perpetuated demeaning stereotypes of African Americans and glorified the Ku Klux Klan.
Among the Association's top priorities was eradicating lynching. Throughout its year campaign, the NAACP waged legislative battles, gathered and published crucial statistics, organized mass protests, and produced artistic material all in the name of bringing an end to the violence.
After early worries about its constitutionality, the NAACP strongly supported the federal Dyer Bill, which would have punished those who participated in or failed to prosecute lynch mobs. Though the U. House of Representatives passed the bill, a Senate filibuster defeated it for good in Despite repeated opportunities in years to follow, such as the Costigan-Wagner Bill, Congress never passed any anti-lynching legislation. In , Walter F. White succeeded Johnson as executive secretary.
White was instrumental not only in his research on lynching in part because, as a very fair-skinned African American, he had been able to infiltrate white groups but also in his successful block of segregationist Judge John J.
0コメント