Columbus used the substance for rigging and decking. Brazilians still use 15th century trade tools, and no electricity was used in the construction of the ships.
Only about half of them made it back alive to Spain. But on the original voyage, Columbus was on the Santa Maria when she wrecked on a reef off Haiti on Christmas Eve A very special piece of cargo. Jay Fortier. Fortier, a sea captain like his father before him, Capt. Jacques Fortier died on April 24, The elder Fortier had taught his son the ways of the sea as a teenager, beginning in Sebastian where they had a home in Mathers Cove.
This proved critical when Columbus needed to navigate the shallow island coastlines near modern-day Cuba. The bulkier Santa Maria, which was a ton cargo ship called a nau , ran aground on Christmas Day and had to be abandoned.
Yet the main advantage of the Spanish caravel, namely its compact size, was also its greatest disadvantage. Work was relentless on any 15th-century ship. The round-the-clock workload meant that even if you were off-duty, good luck trying to sleep on the deck while the other sailors stomped around you.
And then there was the food. For food to last at sea, it needed to be dry. Staples included dried and salted anchovies and cod, pickled or salted beef and pork, dried grains like chickpeas, lentils and beans, and, of course, hardtack biscuits.
During that time it became evident that due to money and time constraints it would be possible to build only one replica. The original Santa Maria ran aground in Hispaniola and sank on the first voyage.
She was a nao, or freighter and was built in Galicia. She became the flagship because she was the largest of the fleet but Columbus disliked her for her dull sailing qualities, and when she sank, he recorded in his journal she was very heavy, and not suitable for the business of discovery. The least was known about the Pinta , and after the first voyage she disappeared from history without a trace.
Caravels were also used as cargo carriers, warships, patrol boats, and even corsairs pirate ships. Their advantages were speed, a shallow draught, and manoeuvrability, plus the fact that they were good sailing ships.
Caravels have always been linked with Portuguese and Spanish explorations and explorers. They were used to chart the Coast of Africa to the Cape of Good Hope by Bartholomew Diaz; they took part in all four of Columbus voyages; they were used by Vasco de Gama in ; in , the caravel Santiago accompanied Magellan's expedition.
The Caravel heydey lasted almost a hundred years from the early 's to the 's. Once Columbus established transatlantic routes, larger cargo vessels as well as warships were required, which paved the way for the development of the galleon.
She made the entire first voyage, bringing the Admiral safely home. When Columbus had the pick of the whole Merchant Marine on his second voyage he selected her out of 17 ships as his flagship for an exploratory voyage to Cuba, and purchased a half share in her.
After his return she made an unauthorized voyage from Cadiz to Rome, was captured by a pirate off Sardinia, recaptured by her master and crew and returned to Cadiz in time to sail to Hispaniola early in as advance guard of Columbus third voyage. She was lying in Santo Domingo in , and we last hear of her making a trading voyage to the Pearl Coast in John had lived in Brazil while working in the Peace Corps, and had learned of an archaic ship building process called Mediterranean Whole Moulding.
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