What should africa

As a number of developing economies have built up more economic and political power, we have seen the emergence of new forums to address themes that they feel existing multilateral institutions are not tackling sufficiently or that through their creation gives them more independence in determining priorities.

Led by China, the development finance landscape has also been augmented by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. None of these institutions are intended at this stage to replace existing ones. They complement them, but they can equally be the foundation of a new alternative hierarchy of global institutions in the future. What they are not yet, is a developed alternative order governed by a different set of principles.

The growing differentiation between the big emerging economies such as China and those in Africa requires that the process of sustaining and reforming multilateralism must also include a strong African voice. Ironically, it was in Libya in that this norm was significantly subverted.

One of its most powerful tools is that of legitimacy. African countries working together through the African Union will need to develop a set of guidelines and principles for their engagement and advocacy. In addition different forums require the development of different strategies of engagement.

They should not shrink from becoming involved in both formal and informal discussions, multilateral and club forums on both old and new governance issues: absent a war where the victors impose their order, the new rules of the game will evolve not only in the structured and formal institutions, but outside them. Africa needs to be at the table and geared to participate. The book identifies some parallels between Africa and East Asia. These include a colonial heritage, a complex make-up of ethnic groups as well as human and institutional under-development.

The book also draws attention to differences between the two. These are rooted in how the political economy of Africa evolved after independence. This was typified by clientelism,. In contrast, the East Asian development tale has been defined by the unity of purpose among leaders in several countries.

It has also been characterised by the deliberate use of institutional and constitutional means to broaden opportunities beyond a tiny elite. This does not suggest that these countries were insulated from or spared the ills of poor governance. The experiences of Indonesia and the Philippines, for example, demonstrate the baleful influence of corruption, cronyism, fragile institutions and populism on governance.

The authors emphasise the importance of differentiating between — and within — the East Asian countries, based on factors such as language, religion, economic wealth, governance systems and urban-rural divides.

They are the result of calculated policy actions. They identify the vital principles of leadership, the policy choices and trade-offs that need to be made, and the policy execution that is required. East Asian countries have looked up to Japan as a model of success.

Japan represents the power of example and innovation. For its part, South Korea managed to accomplish a transition from an agrarian to high-tech society. In both countries, the business sector was central to industrialisation efforts. That said, our guiding principle remains "to leave no one behind". Germany stands by its responsibility to assist the least developed countries, which is why the Marshall Plan with Africa also addresses people's basic needs.

The guiding principles and concrete recommendations for action contained in the Marshall Plan with Africa also inform the BMZ 's policy dialogue. Thus, the BMZ has been working with African partners, the German government, other donors, civil society and the private sector to further develop and implement the Marshall Plan.

After all, the better the harmonisation of different players' efforts, the more effective their support for their African partners will be. The following sections contain examples illustrating how the BMZ is implementing the Marshall Plan with Africa, the original text of the Marshall Plan as well as an overview of the online dialogue. A new partnership for development, peace and a better future A Marshall Plan with Africa Africa has great potential — potential which goes well beyond abundant natural resources, cultural diversity, entrepreneurial spirit and innovative force.

We need a paradigm shift; we have to realise that Africa is not the continent of cheap commodities but rather that the people of Africa need infrastructure and a future. Goal 1 of the African Union's Agenda External link In order to help Africa realise this development agenda, we need an entirely new kind of collaboration, a political partnership between equals which offers support for Africa's own agenda. Africa and Europe — A new partnership for development, peace and a better future Cornerstones of a Marshall Plan with Africa.

Students in the metal workshop of a vocational training institution in Accra, Ghana. Africa needs sustainable jobs for young people The Marshall Plan with Africa focuses on the single most important challenge facing the African continent: the need to create 20 million new jobs every year. Africa needs African solutions Instead of the old donor-recipient paradigm, the basis for cooperation with our African partners nowadays is close political dialogue and a partnership based on mutual obligations.

Joined-up development policy The guiding principles and concrete recommendations for action contained in the Marshall Plan with Africa also inform the BMZ 's policy dialogue. Reform partnerships Internal link.