It is extracted either from underground by shaft mining or at ground level by open-pit mining. Coal is the largest source of energy for the generation of electricity worldwide and is also used in the production of metallurgical coke as blast furnace fuel. Some smaller blast furnaces can utilize charcoal as a carbon source, but the larger blast furnaces require the strength and durability of coke.
Coke is produced by igniting bituminous coal under reduced oxygen conditions in oven batteries specially designed for this process.
The structure is made by placing Coke Oven Bricks in a 3x3x3 cube without the middle block. You will know that the structure is complete when a window appears in the center block on each side of the Coke Oven. The Coke Oven Structures cannot be made next to each other, there must be a one block gap between all Coke Ovens to stop them from connecting.
The entire 3x3x3 Coke Oven is treated as a single block, similar to a large chest. This means that coal and buckets can be piped in from any side, and oil and coal coke can be piped out from any side. The process of burning a single piece of coal takes 2 and a half minutes. Burning coal produces Coal Coke, which smelts for 2x longer than regular coal.
The tap hole is tightly sealed with a mud gun after tapping process is complete. Raw material ore, sinter , coke are screened before being charged into the blast furnace through conveyors or skip. Air for combustion in the blast furnace is blown from turbo blowers which are preheated in hot blast stoves to temperatures around oC , which is then blown through tuyers into theblast furnace. Each blast furnace is equipped with two or more stoves which operate alternatively. Preheating of air helps in reducing fuel consumption in the furnace.
Reaction From top to bottom of the furnace the following process occurs : -Drying , preheating, ejection of hydrate water -Indirect reduction -Direct reduction -Melting. In the top third of the shaft, gas delivers its heat so that the charging materials are preheated and dried. When a temperature of o to oC is reached , the water which was fixed with the burden is ejected.
Indirect reduction by carbon monoxide occurs below oC. At temperatures above oC, iron oxide not yet reduced into iron is directly reduced. After melting, the reduction process is completed as hot metal flows through layers of coke.
Hot metal produced in the blast furnace is sent to Basic oxygen Furnace for steel making or to Pig casting machines for pig iron casting in ladles. Pre-treatment of Hot metal Hot metal from blast furnaces is treated to remove undesired elements like sulphur , silicon or phosphorous before being transformed to steel.
Desulphurising agents are applied to reduce sulphur content of the metal. The basic oxygen furnace LD convertor is a pear shaped vessel lined inside with refractory bricks. The vessel can be rotated o on its axis. Oxygen is blown into the vessel with the help of water cooled lance. The 'heat' begins with the addition of scrap into the slightly tilted convertor, hot metal is then added after straightening the convertor, Oxygen is blown into the bath through the lance. The necessary fluxes are added during blowing.
Flux addition is done automatically and precisely through bunkers situated above the convereters. A sample is taken after blowing for minutes and temperature is measured using a thermocouple. The steel is tapped by tilting the convertor to the tapping side and alloying elements are added via chutes while metal is being tapped The convertor is tilted to the charging side in order to remove the floating slag.
Reaction During blowing operation, oxygen oxidises iron into iron oxide and carbon into carbon monoxide. The iron oxide immediately transfers the oxygen to the tramp elements. The center of the reaction has temperatures of around ooC. Items can be inserted into the top or sides or removed from the bottom of the Coke Oven automatically using a Hopper or similar item transportation block.
To remove Creosote Oil from the Coke Oven, placing empty portable fluid containers such as Glass Bottles , Buckets , or Jerrycans in the top-right corner slot will fill it with mB of Creosote Oil, transferring the filled container to the bottom-right slot of the GUI. To automatically remove Creosote Oil, a pump can be used. Since the Coke Oven does not explicitly output fluid, the Immersive Engineering pump must be placed directly against the Coke Oven.
The side of the pump facing away from the Coke Oven can be hammered with an Engineer's Hammer to output and hammered while sneaking to configure the inaccessible opposite side to accept input.
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